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3.
Rev. bras. entomol ; 63(3): 199-201, July-Sept. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1045563

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The widespread cultivation of transgenic soybeans has caused significant changes in the spectrum of Lepidoptera larvae, both in the number of species as well as on their densities in the field. Transgenic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal proteins have successfully reduced the incidence of the most common caterpillars infesting soybeans, namely Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) and Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). However, lepidopteran species not previously recorded on the crop have been recently found, and are of concern due to the possibility of adaptation to the genetically modified cultivars. The occurrence of Peridroma saucia Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is described for the first time in Brazil feeding on genetically modified soybean cultivars.

4.
Temas psicol. (Online) ; 24(4): 1375-1388, dez. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-846309

ABSTRACT

Estudos têm demonstrado o impacto positivo das Mindfulness Based Interventions (MBIs) no tratamento de doenças e transtornos mentais em adultos. Recentemente, as MBIs estão sendo adaptadas para crianças e adolescentes em ambiente escolar. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir as adaptações necessárias, o papel da Autocompaixão, os efeitos das intervenções e o treinamento de professores através de três MBIs adaptadas para escolas: Dot-Be, MindUp e Learning to Breath. Os resultados indicam que MBIs para escolas devem ter menor duração das sessões; maior integração das práticas com o quotidiano; maior exploração dos cinco sentidos; maior utilização de metáforas, linguagem visual e tecnologia; e envolvimento de familiares, professores e educadores. Tanto o conceito quanto as práticas de Autocompaixão são utilizadas nestas MBIs, afetando a estrutura das intervenções e a escolha das práticas, e os efeitos nos desfechos pesquisados. Evidências sugerem que os efeitos do treinamento de Mindfulness em ambientes educacionais podem ser semelhantes àqueles verificados em adultos em contextos de saúde. Entretanto, com a proliferação de protocolos de treinamento para professores e gestores educacionais, as evidências de efetividade de MBIs neste contexto não podem ser generalizadas. Visando contribuir com esse processo, apresenta-se um modelo de treinamento em Mindfulness para a equipe educacional.


Several studies have demonstrated the positive impact of Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) in treatment of diseases and mental disorders in adults. MBIs are being adapted on children and adolescents in school environment. This paper aims to discuss the necessary adaptations, the role of self-compassion, the interventions effects and the teacher training, through three MBIs adapted for schools: Dot-Be, MindUp, and Learning to Breath. The results indicate that MBIs for schools should be structured with shorter duration of sessions; greater integration of mindfulness exercises with daily activities; further exploration of the five senses; increased use of metaphors, visual language and technology; and the involvement of family members, teachers and educators. Both the concept and the practices of self-compassion are used in these MBIs, affecting the structure, the choice of practices and the effects on assessed outcomes. Evidence suggests that the effects of Mindfulness training in educational environments may be similar to those observed in adults in health contexts. However, with the proliferation of training protocols to teachers and educational managers, the evidence of MBIs effectiveness in the educational context should not be generalized. In order to contribute to this process, this paper presents a general training framework in Mindfulness for educational staff.


Estudios han demostrado el impacto positivo de Mindfulness Based Interventions (MBIs) en tratamiento de enfermedades y trastornos mentales en adultos. MBIs están siendo adaptadas para niños y adolescentes en ambiente escolar. El objetivo es analizar cambios necesarios, papel de la autocompasión, efectos de las intervenciones y formación del profesorado, a través de tres MBIs adaptados para escuelas: Dot-Be, MindUp y Learnig to Breath. Resultados indican que MBIs para escuelas deben tener sesiones de menor duración; mayor integración de las prácticas en la rutina diaria; mayor exploración de los cinco sentidos; mayor uso de metáforas, lenguaje visual y tecnología; y participación de la familia, profesores y personal educativo. Tanto el concepto y las prácticas de auto-compasión son utilizados en estos MBIs, afectando la estructura de intervenciones, la elección de práticas y los efectos sobre resultados. Evidencias sugieren que los efectos del entrenamiento en Mindfulness en entornos educativos pueden ser similares a los observados en adultos. Sin embargo, con la proliferación de protocolos de entrenamiento para maestros y administradores de la educación, evidencias de eficacia de los instrumentos no se pueden generalizar. Para contribuir a la optimización de las MBIs para escuelas, se presenta un modelo de formación para el personal educativo.

5.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 76(3): 180-182, June 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-841567

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de Lynch es la más frecuente de las neoplasias colorrectales hereditarias. Se origina por mutaciones germinales deletéreas familia-específicas en los genes que codifican proteínas de reparación del ADN: MLH1 (homólogo humano de mutL), MSH2 y MSH6 (homólogo humano de mutS 2 y 6, respectivamente), PMS2 (homólogo humano de PMS1 2) y MUTYH (homólogo humano de la ADN-glycosilasa mutY). La mutación c.2252_2253delAA, p.Lys751Serfs*3 en el exón 19 del gen MLH1 segrega con un haplotipo descripto en la región norte de Italia y cuyo origen fue atribuido a un efecto fundador. Esta mutación co-segrega con características típicas del síndrome de Lynch, incluyendo afectación temprana y múltiples tumores primarios en el mismo individuo, una alta frecuencia de cáncer pancreático, elevada inestabilidad microsatelital y falta de expresión de PMS2. En el presente trabajo se comunica dicha mutación en una paciente argentina con adenocarcinoma endometroide de útero en cuya historia familiar existen antecedentes de cáncer de colon diagnosticado antes de los 50 años en familiares de primer grado, reuniendo los criterios de Ámsterdam I y síndrome de Lynch II. Los polimorfismos presentes en la paciente coinciden con el haplotipo descripto en una región del norte de Italia. El alto grado de patogenicidad asociada a esta mutación hace imprescindible el estudio de todos los integrantes de las familias con cáncer hereditario permitiendo el diagnóstico genético pre-sintomático, la instauración de tratamientos o conductas preventivas y su seguimiento.


Lynch syndrome is the most frequent syndrome in hereditary colorectal cancer, a family-specific deleterious mutations in genes encoding DNA reparation proteins: MLH1 (mutL homolog 1), MSH2, MSH6 (mutS homolog 2 y 6, respectively), PMS2 (PMS1 homolog 2, mismatch repair system component) y MUTYH (mutY DNA glycosylase).The c.2252_2253delAA, p.Lys751Serfs*3 mutation in MLH1 gene segregates with a haplotype reported in the northern region of Italy and whose origin was attributed to a founder effect. This mutation co-segregates with typical characteristics of Lynch syndrome, including early age at onset and multiple primary tumors in the same individual, a high frequency of pancreatic cancer, high microsatellite instability and lack of PMS2 expression. This report describes a mutation in an Argentinian patient with endometrioid adenocarcinoma of uterus. Her first-degree relatives had a history of colon cancer diagnosed before 50 years, fulfilling the Amsterdam Criteria I and Lynch syndrome II. The high pathogenicity associated to this mutation makes necessary the study of all members from families with hereditary cancer, allowing pre-symptomatic genetic diagnosis, early assessment and the instauration of preventive treatments.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis/genetics , Founder Effect , Mismatch Repair Endonuclease PMS2/genetics , MutL Protein Homolog 1/genetics , Mutation/genetics , Pedigree , DNA Repair/genetics , Lynch Syndrome II/genetics
6.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 44(1): 207-213, 2013. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-676891

ABSTRACT

Pleurotus species secrete phenol oxidase enzymes: laccase (Lcc) and manganese peroxidase (MnP). New genotypes of these species show potential to be used in processes aiming at the degradation of phenolic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and dyes. Hence, a screening of some strains of Pleurotus towards Lcc and MnP production was performed in this work. Ten strains were grown through solid-state fermentation on a medium based on Pinus spp. sawdust, wheat bran and calcium carbonate. High Lcc and MnP activities were found with these strains. Highest Lcc activity, 741 ± 245 U gdm-1 of solid state-cultivation medium, was detected on strain IB11 after 32 days, while the highest MnP activity occurred with strains IB05, IB09, and IB11 (5,333 ± 357; 4,701 ± 652; 5,999 ± 1,078 U gdm-1, respectively). The results obtained here highlight the importance of further experiments with lignocellulolytic enzymes present in different strains of Pleurotus species. Such results also indicate the possibility of selecting more valuable strains for future biotechnological applications, in soil bioremediation and biological biomass pre-treatment in biofuels production, for instance, as well as obtaining value-added products from mushrooms, like phenol oxidase enzymes.


Subject(s)
Phenolic Compounds/analysis , In Vitro Techniques , Laccase/analysis , Laccase/isolation & purification , Manganese/analysis , Manganese/isolation & purification , Oxidoreductases/analysis , Peroxidase/analysis , Peroxidase/isolation & purification , Pinus/genetics , Pleurotus/isolation & purification , Biodegradation, Environmental , Enzyme Activation , Genotype , Methods
7.
Rev. bras. med. fam. comunidade ; 7(Suplemento 1): 17-17, jun. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-880889

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Nos últimos anos tem havido um crescente interesse na investigação dos efeitos práticas de meditação na saúde mental e física. De alguma maneira, as habilidades treinadas durante as práticas meditativas, como o treinamento da atenção focada em um objeto específico, ou a monitoração dos padrões de pensamentos e emoções age modificando o funcionamento e a estrutura cerebrais. Recentemente, trabalhos na área de neuroimagem tem ajudado a elucidar possíveis mecanismo de ação das práticas meditativas no cérebro. Objetivo: revisar na literatura os estudos mais recentes sobre os efeitos da prática de meditação no cérebro e apresentar resultados de um protocolo com ressonância magnética funcional (fMRI) desenvolvido no Instituto do Cérebro do Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (InCe-HIAE) sobre os efeitos da meditação na atenção. Método: revisão sobre estudos de neuroimagem funcional e estrutural e avaliação por fMRI de 39 sujeitos, 20 meditadores que realizam a prática há pelo menos 3 anos, por 3 vezes por semana e 20 sujeitos inexperientes em meditação. Resultados: estudos recentes têm mostrado alterações funcionais resultantes da prática de meditação, na atividade cerebral, bem como na estrutura do cérebro, como a espessura de áreas corticais. Nossos resultados preliminares corroboram com estes dados, mostrando que sujeitos que praticam meditação regularmente precisam recrutar menos áreas cerebrais, em especial frontais, do que pessoas inexperientes em meditação para ter o mesmo desempenho em uma tarefa atencional (o Stroop Word-Color Task). Conclusão: a prática de meditação pode trazer mudanças não apenas psicológicas, como mostram boa parte dos estudos, mas também modificações na fisiologia e anatomia cerebrais. Nosso estudo preliminar no InCe-HIAE indica que pessoas que praticam meditação regularmente podem apresentar um cérebro mais eficiente no desempenho de uma tarefa de atenção.


Subject(s)
Attention , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Mental Health , Meditation , Neuroanatomy , Neurophysiology
8.
Mali méd. (En ligne) ; 23(1): 38-40, 2008.
Article in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1265510

ABSTRACT

Dans le but d'etudier le profil de patients decedes de tuberculose pulmonaire a microscopie positive (TPM+) sous chimiotherapie antituberculeuse et l'influence du statut VIH; une etude prospective sur huit mois; du 1er novembre 2005 au 30 juin 2006 a ete menee dans le service de pneumo phtisiologie du CHU de point G. Parmi les malades hospitalises pour tuberculose toutes formes confondues; 73 cas de tuberculoses pulmonaires ont ete repertories dont 54 cas de tuberculose a frottis positif soit 73;9. L'analyse a porte sur 28 deces parmi les cas de tuberculose pulmonaire a frottis positif soit une prevalence de 51; 85. La tranche d'age de 16-35 ans etait la plus representee avec un sex-ratio de 2;5. Les differents facteurs de morbidite qui ont influence negativement sur la letalite des patients tuberculeux par ordre d importance etaient : l etendue des lesions (71;4); ; le statut VIH/SIDA ( 63;15) ; le tabagisme (50) et des antecedents de tuberculose (25) (p= 0;02). Les deces survenaient precocement au cours de la premiere semaine d'hospitalisation. La recherche des facteurs de morbidites chez tout patient tuberculeux devrait etre systematique pour ameliorer leur prise en charge globale

9.
Mali méd. (En ligne) ; 22(1): 44-47, 2007. ilus
Article in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1265498

ABSTRACT

Il s'agit d'une étude ouverte sur des dossiers colligés durant une période de cinq ans ( Janvier 1999 à Décembre 2003), qui avait pour objectif principal de décrire les aspects épidémiologiques, diagnostiques et la prise en charge de la TPM - .Les patients sont inclus dans l'étude pour TPM- selon les critères de l'OMS. Pendant cette période de cinq ans, la tuberculose pulmonaire (TP) a constitué 72,1% des cas de tuberculoses toutes formes sur lesquelles 20,2% de TPM- . La cicatrice BCG était présente dans 50,8% des cas. L'IDR était négative dans 21,3% des cas, ce taux atteint 68,1% chez les patients VIH positifs. Plus de 60% de nos patients ont réalisé plus de 3 bacilloscopies qui sont restées négative. La sérologie VIH était positive chez 51,1% des patients testés. L'hospitalisation a concerné 69,4% de nos patients, 64% ont été traité par le régime de la catégorie III


Subject(s)
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
10.
J Biosci ; 2003 Dec; 28(6): 765-73
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-111134

ABSTRACT

A high prevalence of enamel hypoplasia in several herbivores from the early Pliocene Langebaanweg locality, South Africa, indicates general systemic stress during the growing years of life. The presence of several linear enamel hypoplasias per tooth crown in many teeth further suggest that these stress events may be episodic. The delta18O values along tooth crowns of mandibular second molars of Sivatherium hendeyi (Artiodactyla, Giraffidae) were used to investigate the cause of the stress events in this tooth type. Results show that weaning in this fossil giraffid occurred at a similar ontogenetic age to that in extant giraffes, and that the observed enamel hypoplasia towards the base of this tooth type manifested post-weaning. Further, high-resolution oxygen isotope analyses across S. hendeyi third molars suggest that the entire development of defective tooth crowns occurred under conditions of increased aridity in which the cool, rainy part of the seasonal cycle was missing. The high prevalence of this defect in many herbivores suggests that climatic conditions were not favourable. This study reiterates the value of stable isotope analyses in determining both the behaviour of fossil animals and the environmental conditions that prevailed during tooth development.


Subject(s)
Animals , Artiodactyla , Dental Enamel/abnormalities , Isotopes , Light , Weaning
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